Social Networking as a means of Employee Motivation

Social Networking as a means of Employee Motivation 1 Introduction In recent years Social Networking is very popular in eyes of youngsters and teenagers but is also grabbing attention of older age. Social Networking Sites (SNS) have given a rise to new communication vehicle which facilitates an innovative way of sharing information, interacting and collaborating different users. Today, there are 204 social sites available in the world as shown in Appendix 1, but out of all the most popular once are Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, MySpace and Blogs. Within the illumination of the global recession, organisations are using every possible means of equipment to survive the economic downturn; companies are implementing cost saving methods this in turn have increased the workload on the employees. This overload will give a rise to the concern of employees satisfaction, productivity and efficiency. One way of encouraging and motivating the employees can be by accepting social networking at the workplace. dynamic changing natures of the business environment have contributed to knock down the barriers obstructing communicational flows (Cross, Nohria, Parker, 2002). Implementation of social networking at workplace will provide both formal and informal interaction and will also help in knowledge enhancement and better communication. This will give a greater shift in culture of Knowledge congregation to Knowledge contribution. Social networking is growing as fast as a computer virus, it is agreed that it is used for personal reasons but now-a-days it is used as educational, training and learning tools at the workplace. As every coin have two sides, implementing social networking at workplace has its own advantages and disadvantages. Since there is no geographical restriction on sharing information, there are growing concerns for organisation for leakage, breach in security and privacy of the information. This rings the bell in everyones mind whether it is appropriate to integrate social networking at workplace. This argument will be revisited in literature review section (section 3) of this report. The researchs major source of information will be through primary data collection such as conducting interviews, survey and questionnaires. Secondary source will also be used and the list is mentioned in section 4.1. Many general views have been given by different researchers on impact of social networking at workplace but very few research have been conduct in sectors such as technological. This research will be based on Multinational Corporation (MNC) which is an investment banking sector where no prior research has been conducted. The report consists of 7 sections. The next section will discuss research objective, questions and boundaries in order to evade the uncertainty. This is followed by literature review in section 3 where previous research will be analysed. Research methodology and research limitation will be discussed in section 4 and 5 respectively, followed by the research time lines in section 6. The final section contains of conclusion. 2 Research Objective, Questions and Boundaries 2.1 Research Objective The main purpose of this research is to critically examine the impact of social networking in a multinational corporation investment bank. This will assist the organisation to recognise whether having access to the social networking sites at workplace will motivate the staff in enhancing their productivity or limiting these websites will demoralise the employees. It will also give a true and fair view of employees and employers perception of integrating social sites in working environment. 2.2 Research Questions The research will provide answer to the following particular questions: Will the use of social networking sites at workplace enhance the productivity? What are the other advantages and disadvantages of using social networking sites at workplace? 2.3 Research Boundaries Due to time constrain it is necessary to restrict research only to one multinational company and therefore the research will be an action based research. The company is a worlds largest investment bank which has its presence in 74 countries. The research will be based on the companys head office located in London. The name of the company will not be disclosed due to confidential reasons and will be referred as Company X throughout the research. The research will be based on three departments which are: Human Resources Finance Information Technology Each of the above mentioned departments will be analysed to identify the impact of social networking on flow of information in the departments and security levels desired for each of the departments. 3 Literature Review 3.1 General Many researchers have correctly said that the growing technology has twisted the traditional features of the workplace (Bennett, Owers, Pitt, Tucker, 2010). This is due to integration of social sites and social media in the working environment which has broadened the view of the employees in the organisation. This has facilitated organisation to build up new networks, help employees to connect each other in different geographical location and time. It has also been argued that the growing importance of networking and socialising in modern days is becoming more flexible and dynamic day-by-day (Cross, Parker, Prusak, Borgatti, 2001). Boyd and Ellison have defined Social Networking Site as web-based service that allows individuals to (Boyd Ellison, 2008): (1) Construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) Articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection and (3) View and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. It is a technology which is used to support social networking. At workplace the social networking can be referred in two ways: external and internal social networking. The use of social networking sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace and so on at the workplace is known as external social networking. On the other hand, there are some organisations that have developed tools such as Beehive at IBM, Watercooler at HP which provided social networking within the organisation which is referred as internal social networking. Company X uses Reuters and Microsoft Office Communicator 2007 as the internal social networking tool and Facebook as the external social networking at the workplace. This research will only focus on impact of external social networking. 3.2 Impact of Social Networking on Productivity From past 5 years, social networking has sneaked into the business organisations due to the increased popularity and availability of social networking amongst office workers. (Shirky, 2008); (Tapscott Williams, 2006). This has lead to informal connection in the organisation and has transformed the ways of the knowledge sharing within the companies. The research done in 2008 by Skeels and Grudin has shown that around 37% of employees were using Facebook occasionally and about 17% were using it daily at workplace. Also around 50% of employees had their account on LinkedIn but only 4% were using it daily (Skeels Grudin, 2009). There is a significant increase in the number of user in Facebook, LinkedIn and other social networking site and employees are using these sites at workplace to a greater extent due to vast growth and demand in social networking. According to the ClearSwift publications in January 2011, the exposure to social networking invites many threats to the companies. The research highlights that 42% of U.K. office workers admitted discussing work-related issues via social networking applications and 83% of the office workers were using office resources to access social networking websites (ClearSwift, 2011). The research conducted in companies such as Microsoft and IBM by different researchers has highlighted some of the benefits of using these social sites at workplace which are listed below (Skeels Grudin, 2009); (DiMicco Millen DR, 2007): LinkedIn being a professional social networking site helps to maintain professional network. LinkedIn and Facebook are often referred by employers for recruiting employees by reviewing peoples CV and other details such as profile pictures, details and post or comments. Facebook was helpful for building and strengthening knot between colleagues and also maintain contacts with the ex-colleagues. But the research has also shown some concern and worries about using these social sites at workplace which are listed below (Skeels Grudin, 2009); (DiMicco Millen DR, 2007): Staff wasting time during working hours. Security concern. Disclosing confidential data. Staff integrating professional and personal life. Some senior managers felt that employees were crossing the status and power borders of the organisation. Most of the company in UK have opposed the use of social networking at workplace and have banned these sites. However, Alan Calder have argued that blocking or restricting access to social networking site at workplace will demoralise the employees and make them less effective and productive (Calder, 2010). Some research have shown that social networking sites have reduced productivity and have cost companies lose of about  £1.38 billion annually (Manpower UK, 2010). Therefore, some companies are looking forward to strength the controls in the organisation. But companies need to be very careful in placing the controls. Since social networking has become an important part of every ones life and this has also been encouraged by the Smartphones such as Blackberries, I-Phones and many more. If the social networking sites are completely banned at the workplace, employees tend to use gadgets such as Smartphones to access social networking sites devoting less time to work eventually affecting their productivity. Therefore, employers need to weight the strengths and opportunities with weaknesses and threats to make a meaningful decision. Similar views have been shared by Jason and David (Fried Hansson, 2010) that the organisation will not be able to achieve anything by limiting or banning the social network sites at workplace because the time which they are devoting to the social networking sites will not get convert to productive work but and employees will find some alternative sources to spend this time. The Trade Union Congress (TUC) claims that handling carefully and allowing internet access for staff during breaks can be valuable for employees and can help them develop I.T. skills (TUC, 2007). Company X allows their employees to have access to Facebook and LinkedIn during working hours. The main report will throw lights on the benefits achieved by the employees with the use of these social sites in banking sector during working hours. Apart from deteriorating and enhancing the productivity social networking sites are playing a major role for recruiting employees. Employers use various sites to check the background of the candidate by making a judgment on their post and photos uploaded on the sites. According to study conducted by Deloitte in 2009, 23% of companies were using social networking sites for hiring employees (Allen, Deloitte LLP 2009 Ethics Workplace Survey results Social networking and reputational risk in the workplace, 2009). Now-a-days, LinkedIn is popularly used for recommending friends or co-workers for jobs and recruiting staff. May be in near future it will be incorporate as an official site for recruiting in the organisation. But till now no evidence have been found that it is a reliable source for hiring people. On the other hand there has been evidence that people are fired due to social networking site (write about wat jitu said as an example here). The other major concern of social networking is that it puts trust at workplace on stake. The survey conducted in Deloitte in 2010, highlights that only 34% of employees agree and 49% of employees disagree that social networking helps to build up the trust at workplace (Allen, Deloitte LLP 2010 Ethics Workplace Survey Trust in the workplace, 2010 ). The other drawback of social networking in working environment is the security of the sensitive data 3.3 Other Impact of Social networking sites in the organisation 4 Research Methodology The research will follow the inductive approach as it will highlight on developing a new theory after the data has been collect (Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2009). The research will explore a new dimension of using social networking in a Multinational Company (MNC) for their business development in short term and long term and develop a good analysis based on the data collection as discussed below. 4.1 Data collection In order to achieve the research objective and question (mentioned in section 2) the subsequent data collection methods will be followed: Secondary Data Collection The secondary data will be collected from press release and academic literature such as journals, white paper and publication from ClearSwift and ZDNet. The data collection will be qualitative data. Also the research conducted by other researcher in Microsoft and IBM, technological companies will act as a base for this research. Primary Data Collection The forms of primary data which will be collect are as below: Face-to-face Interviews: Ten non-standardised face to face interview will be conducted split between Vice President (VP) and managers of three departments in company X. This will help to analysis the role of social networking in the organisation for different departments giving different viewpoints and a better insight of the matter. The interviews will also help to generate qualitative data which will be transcribed but will not be recoded due to ethics of the company. The time line for conducting interview is specified in research timelines section (section 6). Online Survey: Online survey will be conducted with the help of the website named Survey Monkey which will help to give a holistic view of the organisation as the survey will be filled in by VP, managers and subordinates. The layout of the questionnaires which will be formed for online survey will fulfil all the main attributes of questionnaires as recommended by Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009). This will provide quantitative data for analysis. In order to improve the response rate of online survey, questionnaires and face-to-face interviews the recommendation from Bryman and Bell (2003) will be followed. 4.2 Analysis of Data The quantitative data which will be collected through online survey will be analysed by using computer based software named Minitab 15. The quantitative data will be divided in to two separate groups: categorical data and numerical data (Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2009). The survey and interview results will help to produce a comparison between three departments within the MNC under the research study. (Add more details of what kind of information can be achieved from this analysis) 5 Potential Problem and Pitfall While undertaking the research following are the limitation and potential problem which are anticipated: Poor response to interview: Face to face interview or telephonic interview will be conducted, which will not be recorded due to confidentiality. The respondents might be bias answering in socially desirable way. Poor response to online questioner: Respond rate might be lower as online questioner because they are perceived to be spam. It would be difficult to determine whether respondents have understood the question correctly and have replied honestly. Inadequate Sample: Since only one organisation will be examined and so there will be limited sample to be examined. However, the research will be useful because practical evidence will be provided. 6 Research Time lines The research will start from 6th June 2011 and will commence till 12th September 2011. It will be conducted for 15 weeks as shown in Table 1 below: Table 1: Research time lines 7 Conclusion 8 References 9 Appendices

Intersectionality Assignment Essay

The definition of intersectionality states that it is the social theory suggesting various socially and culturally constructed categories of discrimination interact on multiple and often simultaneous levels, contributing to systematic social inequality. Intersectionality holds that the classical models of oppression within society, such as those based on race/ethnicity, gender, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, class, or disability do not act independently of one another; instead, these forms of oppression interrelate creating a system of oppression that reflects the â€Å"intersection† of multiple forms of discrimination. (http://geekfeminism.wikia.com/wiki/Intersectionality) I think the author intended to include intersectionality in the story to show that people have the tendency to categorize others immediately without even getting to know them. As humans we judge others way too much for our own good and we don’t even realize we are doing it majority of the time. I think Morrison’s main purpose in Recitatif is to make the reader a lot more aware of their stereotypical judgements about different races based on the use of different signs that Twyla and Roberta display as characters throughout the story. By writing with this technique of using hidden signs in the text it makes the reader begin to try to naturally figure out the races of Twyla and Roberta. She also includes things in this story such as their views on intelligence, physical appearance, racial tensions, wealth and social class. I think Morrison hopes to make her readers aware that we are all guilty of using stereotypes that this society has created for us. It’s just what we have known all our lives. Maybe a learned behavior from our parents, grandparents, or anyone we are around a lot. Everyone, even if they are racist or the most non-racist human being on earth, makes judgments on a â€Å"different† person that doesn’t fit into their â€Å"norm†. If I had to take a guess I would say Twyla is black and Roberta is white. One part in the story Roberta says that â€Å"they never washed their hair and they smelled funny†, referring to Twyla. Roberta also said this about Twyla’s mother â€Å"She was big. Bigger than any man and on her chest was the biggest cross I’d ever seen. I swear it was six inches long each way. And in the crook of her arm was the biggest bible ever made.† This description sounds like a big African American mother because that’s what you could picture her as. Being Christian, not interested in being friends with Roberta’s mother, and storming away from her gets my mind visualizing that she is the att itude black big momma type of woman. Another thing I decided to look at to help me decide was their names. As the story goes on it gets harder to keep the same the same thought process on who’s apart of what race because of the different stereotypes and statements that are made by the characters when they continue to cross paths later in life. Also because as an individual you start to realize that you are judging and trying not to. For me that begun a whole new way of thinking and continuously changed my opinion about the reading several times At times Roberta could possibly be the black girl and Twyla could be white. In conclusion, its basically left up to you to decide who’s what race and its really going to open your eyes to how judgmental you can be and how big of a role these everyday stereotypes really have on your mind, even when it seems that you have no racism or judging in you.

Hamlet, And Son Of The King Of Denmark Essay - 1724 Words

Hamlet, the main character of the play Hamlet by Shakespeare, and son of the King of Denmark poses an important question of existence throughout the novel that has also helped shape history. During this time in the play, people start to question if there are any moral consequences to their actions. This question becomes more and more influential during this time because people are questioning their faith and the power of the church. Throughout Hamlet’s journey to seek revenge on his uncle for his father’s death, he continues to question himself and his actions. His uncertainty in himself was also a common feeling among men and women during this time as well. The feeling of uncertainty is correlated with characters actions throughout the book. Hamlet, unlike many of the other characters, acts without thinking which leads him to question himself. The other characters act more controlled, but can learn from Hamlet and his mistakes. During the time setting in this play, peo ple in Europe are starting to think about their place in the world and are questioning the meaning of existence. By the 14th century there is a rise of new awareness about what it means to be human. The nature of existence was so pressing in the minds of men and women by 1600 because of the disruption of religious, political, intellectual and cultural beliefs which leads to the Protestant Reformation. The main character, Hamlet, embodies the ideas and questions people are having at this time. The fundamentalShow MoreRelatedHamlet Responsibility Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout the play Hamlet through the main character Hamlet. Hamlet is primarily accountable in three ways; for Demark, his mother and lastly his father. Hamlet takes responsibility for his father, his mother and Denmark through planning to eliminate Claudius. 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A Comparison between My Life and My Mothers Life

My Life and My Mothers Life My life compared to my mothers life is in many ways very different and in other ways a lot alike. The differences are there mostly because I was born into a different era. In 1928, my mothers life started out during the end of the Roaring 20s. It was a time of change in America. People were shocked at the short skirts, the drinking and smoking that the young women were participating in then. As the economy came to a crashing halt with the disastrous collapse of the stock market in October of 1929, so did many of the free and high filutin attitudes of the 20s. With the 1930s came The Great Depression followed soon after with the election of Franklin Deleno Roosevelt as U.S. President.†¦show more content†¦My mother, Ruthie, was in high school. She recalls that, most of the teachers before the war were men and as they joined the armed services and went to war women filled the teaching positions. Few had teaching credentials and a lot had only just graduated from high school themselves. This fact alone shows how far women have come from then until now. It also shows that W.W.II did a lot in the advancement of women then. They effortlessly assumed the positions only men held before the war. However, when the war ended they were expected to leave their jobs and go home to again be the homemakers they were previously. When I was 18 and graduated from high school my mother urged me to go, when I was offered a civil service job in Washington, DC. She wanted me to experience this opportunity, one she had never been allowed or even offered. Another striking difference is that I am, at age 48, pursuing a college education. This would have been unheard of then. The idea of a woman needing to find fulfillment in her life would have been laughed at then. Once again, my mother was my biggest supporter. 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My Virtual Life Report Essay - 882 Words

Set 1: 9 months-ATTACHMENT Attachment is defined as the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual. Of the four major patterns of attachment (secure, avoidant, ambivalent and disorganized-disoriented), I would consider Blair securely attached. Like other children who have a secure attachment pattern, Blair uses me, her mother, as a type of home base (Feldman, 2012). At 8 months Blair is cautious and shy in new situations. She has a typical fear of strangers but will eventually warm up somewhat to a new situation. Blair shows a strong preference for me over others. I am always talking and thinking about Blair. When my husband and I find time to go out, I find myself worrying and calling grandma to†¦show more content†¦171).† This, in other words, is when a child cannot completely perform a task independently but can do it with a bit of assistance from a more competent figure. This zone of proximal development is something I experience with Blair. At two yea rs old she has got to pick out her tooth and hairbrush, but she still needs a bit of help with both operations. Another idea that Vygotsky believed in was the method of scaffolding. This is known as the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth (Feldman 2012). For example, sometimes Blair has a tough time communicating using her words. I often encourage conversation by asking questions that instigate more of a response from Blair. This helps her grow in her communication and is good practice for her. Cognitive development was viewed by Vygotsky as the product of social interactions. He focused on the social aspects of development and learning instead of concentrating on individual performance. Set 4: 3 years-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT As Blair gets older she is adapting to and coping with different social situations in and outside of home. At home Blair has been giving a lot more attitude. 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Gandhi Free Essays

string(110) " Gandhi and the rest of India that this would be the result of the actions and the amount trouble they cause\." To what extent has the importance of Gandhi been exaggerated in persuading the British government to give India independence in 1947? Gandhi wasn’t as significant as people think he was during the struggle for Indian independence. Some believe that Gandhi was the reason why Britain gave independence to India, people exaggerated over his abilities and his actions during the struggle for Indian Independence, and so he then became â€Å"the Father of India† this again really exaggerated his importance. But then again, after the Second World War, Britain would have given India independence anyway due to Britain becoming bankrupt which would have meant that Britain would have to give India independence because they couldn’t afford to keep control and order in such a big country like India. We will write a custom essay sample on Gandhi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, Gandhi didn’t actually need to go on big campaigns, because most of them would result in a huge number of people being killed or die of starvation. These are the key parts that people miss out and over exaggerate about Gandhi’s importance. Just like the Amritsar massacre and the Bengali Famine, India was punished for the trouble they have caused for Britain, which resulted in lots of Indians being killed. In a way, Gandhi knew that his campaigns would be result in some people being killed and he could have done it differently, in a more peaceful way, because Britain would have given India independence eventually. Gandhi set himself a goal, to unite the whole of India so that Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs could live together without the British Raj, but he failed to do that and because he failed we now have a separated India, which resulted in millions of people losing their lives due to Gandhi’s decisions and actions . Overall, Gandhi really annoyed the British, which caused them to act in a way they wouldn’t necessarily act, like shooting in a crowd of Indians. Also, like the â€Å"Quit India Campaign†, which Gandhi introduced and said to his fellow Indians to Cause trouble on the streets of India, Gandhi thought that this will eventually lead to Britain getting fed up of the constant trouble and then grant them the Independence, which they have so badly been fighting for, but this only led to more Indians being killed. This proved to be a disaster for Gandhi and due to some decisions he made, India split into three, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Also resulting acts threats of terrorism to each on of the three countries. This again shows what an impact Gandhi still has today due to his work and the methods he picked to free India. This may have had an influence on some famous figures in History such as Martin Luther King, but then again, it resulted in Millions of people losing their lives due to Gandhi not being successful in one of his main goals, such as uniting India. When the Rowlatt Act came into law, Gandhi proposed that the entire country observe a hartal, a day of fasting, prayer, and abstention from physical labor, in protest against the injustice of the repressive new law. Millions of Indians followed Gandhi’s words and started to fight back against the British, they simply didn’t go to work; almost the whole of India came to a halt for the whole day. Following the words of Gandhi, some Indians came together in groups, which was against the Rowlatt act law. A General in the British army in India named General Dyer became furious and decided to â€Å"teach the Indians a lesson† and so he went to the meeting in Amritsar and massacred nearly all the Indians that simply came together to listen to each other. All eyes were on Gandhi, because it was his words that led to this massacre. Even though Gandhi knew that his instructions to Indians would cause agony for the British, but also for India, but he took the risk anyway. Again this shows that Gandhi’s words proved to be futile, because the British would always respond back to the actions made by Gandhi and the Indian people. Even though Gandhi knew that, he would still continue his campaign, which would later cause chaos on the streets of India. But his actions were seen as successful because no one had actually stepped up to the British, this again exaggerates his importance Furthermore, Gandhi’s campaigns may have been effective against the British, but it also came with a huge sacrifice. Gandhi’s campaigns really annoyed The British, especially Winston Churchill. Gandhi, â€Å"The Father of India† and Churchill, the Prime minister of Britain had a clash of ideas. Because Gandhi won, people see him as defeating one of the most powerful men in the world. But it came at a huge cost; this really exaggerates his importance because people don’t really see the other side. His campaigns eventually led to the Bengal famine, which resulted in millions of people starving to death. Gandhi’s campaigns are thought to of led to the Bengal famine, and the amount of money Britain had to pay for the damage, and so they tried to put an end to it by setting an example. In a way, Churchill really badly wanted to punish the Indians for all the trouble they caused. Churchill did this by stopping shipments of supplies to Bengal and instead he sent them to soldiers in Africa, which they didn’t really need. The famine lasted between one to two years. Churchill himself said, â€Å"I hate Indians†, â€Å"The famine was their own fault. † Some may argue that, he is referring to just Gandhi and the problems he has made for Britain to clean up. Overall, Gandhi’s actions and the decisions he made had a huge effect on India and Britain, which then, led to the Bengal famine and as a result Millions of woman and children died. Churchill only tried to show Gandhi he too can cause trouble for India, he also tried to warn Gandhi and the rest of India that this would be the result of the actions and the amount trouble they cause. You read "Gandhi" in category "Papers" But Gandhi didn’t stop and continued with his campaigns to free India. On the other hand, Gandhi didn’t always cause trouble but sometimes he forced the British to just give up. Gandhi devised a great march to the coast; this would become famous as the salt march. Gandhi realized that the British tax on salt would become an advantage. Gandhi soon started to walk with his members of the Indian congress party and other followers to the Indian coast. Soon after, many people joined him. Afterwards he had whole villages behind him; he then arrived at the coast and encouraged people to take as much salt as they possibly can because the British couldn’t do anything about it. But, soon afterwards, as he arrived back, the British authorities had arrested him and thrown him in jail. This had caused mass rioting, some people were killed and so the British had no other option, but to release him. The British government had to pay a lot of money for all the damage and mess that the rioters had made. Gandhi proved himself to the Indian people as a leader. The period of â€Å"non-cooperation† that began in 1920 saw Gandhi moving all across India, encouraging people to give up their Western clothing and British jobs. Soon afterwards Gandhi’s Congress party would become an organization filled with people working for it, this then proved to be an organization fit to become a professional party ready to lead their fellow Indians to Independence. Gandhi’s work despite the interference of the British authorities was a great success. Gandhi then would introduce a civil disobedience campaign, which would prove to be a mistake that shook the world. During one of the protests that night a group of Indians broke into one of the colonial outposts and killed many of the people working there. Horrified by the actions of his fellow Indians, Gandhi abandoned his plan for civil disobedience and retired into a period of fasting and prayer. Even as the Viceroy of India and the Prime minister of Britain wanted Gandhi out of the way, they couldn’t due to the political system Britain had in effect for since the early stages of the British Empire. The media were always there, and the class system in Britain was very important during that time, and so if the British authorities in India or Britain were to throw Gandhi in a jail for life or even execute him which they could of done very easily, but it would harm their reputation as the most advanced nation in the world. People would see the British as savages; this system came to Gandhi’s advantage during the salt march. From 1934 until the outbreak of war in 1939, Gandhi left the struggle for independence to Nehru. He began traveling through India again, working with women and children, helping the poor, and promoting use of the old fashioned Indian spinning wheel. He went from village to village, teaching others of the way of true India, barefoot and on the road for months at a time. Gandhi wanted to prove to all Indians that they didn’t need to wear western clothing or use western methods of making clothes, and that the Indian way was better, he did this to try and get everyone to do the same and then it would have been much easier to unite India. But people often get mistaken and believe that this method of uniting India wasn’t as effective, sure people do get together, but teaching the true Indian ways of doing things showed that Gandhi tried to get people together. But just when people were getting along, he introduced the â€Å"Quit India Campaign† people would riot on the streets killing many people. Again people don’t see the other side of Gandhi and over exaggerate his importance by pointing out that he taught many Indians the true Indian way in the hope that they would get along and unite to overcome oppression from the British. Gandhi didn’t support the war, and when Britain called for India to help them in the upcoming â€Å"Battle of Britain†, which would decide the future of Britain, the war and even the world, But Gandhi and the rest of India refused, and in a way, also helping the Nazis because they weren’t helping the allies and instead helping Hitler and the Nazis by not fighting. But they only fought to protect their own country from invasion. Japan, a growing empire decided to start the invasion of India and wanted to overthrow the British Raj and have India for themselves, but they lost to the Indian sepoys supported by Gandhi. So, in a way they could have helped Britain, but they also had the Japanese looking to extend their border. This then resulted in many deaths over in Britain, which were lucky enough to snatch a victory at the battle of Britain. Three years after his wife’s death was a time of struggle for Gandhi, the growing Muslim league and Jinnah were looking to have a country of their own â€Å"Pakistan† in the far west of India and â€Å"Bangladesh† in the far east of India. Gandhi’s dreams of a united India were beginning to shatter. This shows that his main dream of uniting India was beginning to end this shows that Gandhi wasn’t very successful and failed to reach his goal, therefore Gandhi was only useful in gaining independence so that others can have theirs within the country. Elections were beginning to be held in India, they were between the Congress party and the Muslim league. India was becoming a piece of land which was going to be torn apart between two different faiths. The political Parties of India were beginning to look like true professionals. MPs were elected in heavy Hindu and Muslim parts of India. The fate of India was to be decided. After the war, Britain was absolutely spent the whole treasury. It was now empty and people were so hungry they had to eat cat food. This eventually led to many countries getting their independence because Britain couldn’t afford to keep control and order in many countries like India, it became â€Å"ungovernable† and so Britain just gave up and gave them their independence. India received independence not from Gandhi’s methods of Satyagraha, but through total anarchy and outbreaks of violence across the country. This shows that everyone forgot about Gandhi because he wasn’t important to them and believed that the methods he used were wrong because people were dying for nothing, and so Gandhi’s methods were fading away. Overall, Gandhi claimed to represent all of India during the Round-Table conferences, but as he later learned to know that there were some who didn’t agree with him, such as Jinnah, the Muslim league and all other Muslims living in India, even though Gandhi’s and Nehru’s Congress party had the most seats in the Indian parliament, Gandhi still thought he represented the whole of India which means that he forgot all about the Muslims and Sikhs that wanted to remain separate. So in a way, he failed to reach his main goal which many people failed to notice during the later stages of India receiving independence. Disaster followed, violence swept the country as Hindus and Muslims killed one another. Nearly all fled the newly created borders, seeking safety in India or Pakistan, depending upon their religion. Millions had died while many other Millions were forced to flee their homes; it proved to be a disaster for Gandhi and his dreams of united India. Gandhi felt betrayed by his fellow Indians he felt that that no one had listened to him, that the people of India hadn’t learned a thing during the times of his campaigns and great marches which taught Indians to stay together, he believed that India would become independent only if they unite. But sadly, his dreams would only become a vision he once had. Later on Gandhi would give some speeches and show up in some important events, but then something, which shook the entire world, had occurred, Gandhi was assassinated. But even after his death he then somehow still influences people from around the world. Overall, Gandhi didn’t reach his main goal to unite India, but it is thought that Gandhi was the reason why India got their independence. This is usually exaggerated as a strong sense of sympathy for Gandhi after his death. Eventually India would of gotten their independence due Britain, which couldn’t afford to keep control of India and so they would of gotten their independence even without Gandhi. But then again, Gandhi’s campaign inspired many other famous people, such as, Martin Luther King, who then used Gandhi’s methods of non-violent protest, which would eventually then lead to black-Americans gaining their Civil Rights. Gandhi explained in one of his speeches that it is important not to fight against the British, but simply just not follow the orders and laws passed, such as don’t meet up in large groups. Gandhi told people not to follow that order and do the complete opposite, which then lead to the Amritsar massacre. Gandhi failed to reach his aims, but became a very famous figure in history due to his campaigns and the first ever use of peaceful protesting, which then after his death, Gandhi was claimed to be a hero and savior of India. People exaggerate Gandhi’s importance because they usually miss out on the specific detail that is very vital to understanding Gandhi. The exaggeration of Gandhi’s importance is also due to India having Gandhi as their only leader, this may be important because he was the first to step up to the British, but on the other hand he failed in uniting India against the British. Sure he may have had a role in the struggle for independence, but he caused India to divide, which caused millions of people losing their lives. How to cite Gandhi, Papers Gandhi Free Essays GANDHI’S ROLE IN ENDING BRITISH RULE IN INDIA India was one of the most important British colonies in Asia. During the First World War (1914-1918), the British government promised the Indians that if they fought against the Germans in return would receive greater administrative autonomy. After the war, however, the promise was not fulfilled. We will write a custom essay sample on Gandhi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, the representatives of the British government began to violently repress all attempts at emancipation of India. The main Indian leader who opposed British rule was Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948). The main resource used by him in the struggle against the British was based on the strategy of active non-violence. Gandhi preached civil disobedience and non-violence, (Satygraha) of the Indians against the English authorities through non-payment of taxes and rejection of British industrial products. The purpose was to weaken the opponent, preventing any cooperation with it, but without using violence. Mahatma Gandhi was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world. When Gandhi arrived in India, the First World War was at its height. At first he ignored this. He addressed the British Viceroy of India but shocked him by declaring shame at having to speak in English whilst in India. He also verbally attacked the rich Indian princess who was loyal to British rule. Many princesses were deeply offended and walked out. After show its position against the British rule and seeing that the Indian population was suffering in British hands he began a Satyagraha campaign to help poor Indian peasants in the district of Bihar. This was more a protest against conditions than against the British, but it did involve Gandhi encouraging Indians to refuse to pay taxes. In 1917, surprisingly, Gandhi joined a campaign organized by the British Viceroy to persuade ordinary Indians to join the British on the Battlefields of France against the Germans. He personally toured the Indian District of Kheda in support of the campaign. The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930, and was an important part of the Indian independence movement. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. This was the most significant organized challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement of 1920–22, and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (commonly called Mahatma Gandhi) led the Dandi march from his base, Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad, to the sea coast near the village of Dandi. As he continued on this 24 day, 240 mile (390 km) march to produce salt without paying the tax, growing numbers of Indians joined him along the way. When Gandhi broke the salt laws at 6:30 am on April 6, 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Raj salt laws by millions of Indians. The campaign had a significant effect on changing world and British attitude towards Indian independence and caused large numbers of Indians to join the fight for the first time. At the end of the First World War seemed to hold great promise to India. She had been invited to the Versailles Peace Conference as a separate power in her own right. Also, towards the end of the war, the Montagu Declaration had promised increased participation in the government and justice system of Indian people. However, this promise was dashed by two events in the immediate period after the war: o The Rowlatt Acts: these acts said that the rights of Indians to free speech and protest would not be fully restored even though the war had ended. o The Amritsar Massacre: After some protests the British rule weakened. To solve the problem, a meeting was organized. The meeting was meant to be peaceful and made up of men, women and children. But the British ordered his troops to line up facing the crowd and to open fire. No final warning was given to the protesters. Those two things were a great mistake. Jawaharlal Nehru, also known as Pandit Nehru was an Indian statesman who was the first (and to date the longest tenure of) prime minister of India, from 1947 until 1964. Ward leader in the socialist Indian National Congress during and after the effort of India to independence from the British Empire, became the Prime Minister of India at independence. His real initiation into politics came when he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi in 1919. At that time Mahatma Gandhi had launched a campaign against the Rowlatt Act. Nehru was instantly attracted to Gandhi’s commitment for active but peaceful civil disobedience. Jawaharlal Nehru was elected mayor of Allahabad in 1924 and served for two years as chief executive of the city. From 1926 to 1928, Jawaharlal served as Secretary General of the Committee of the Congress of the United Provinces. In 1928-29, the annual session of the Congress under President Motilal Nehru was held. During that session Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose backed a call for full political independence, while Motilal Nehru and others wanted dominion status within the British Empire. To resolve the issue, Gandhi offered the British to grant in two years the domain status to India, otherwise the Congress would launch a national struggle for full political independence. Nehru and Bose reduced that period to one year. The British did not respond. In December 1929, the annual session of the Congress was held in Lahore and Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as president of the Congress Party. During the session, a resolution demanding India’s independence was passed and on January 26, 1930 in Lahore, Jawaharlal Nehru busy having a flag of free India. And Gandhi made the call for civil disobedience movement in 1930. The movement finally forced the British government to recognize the need for major political reforms and ended up being a great success. After the Second World War, in 1947, the state of Britain gave India its political Independence, but the territory was divided into the republic of India, the Hindu majority, and republic of Pakistan (East and West), with a Muslim majority. Later, in 1972, after a violent war, East Pakistan separated from the West and was renamed Bangladesh. He was very important for the India independence because he introduced a new way to think, a new way to fight without having to lose lives. In my opinion he was the most important factor for the ending of the British rule in India. Thanks to him Indians are free of suffering in British hands, he created a new way of avoid loss of lives and fighting. He showed to the world a new way to live and find what you want, a non-violence way. How to cite Gandhi, Papers

Generic Knowledge and Skills Fishing Village and Harbor

Question: Describe about the Generic Knowledge and Skills for Fishing Village and Harbor. Answer: Section 1. a The suggestion that is given by the Bevs friend is based on the primary, secondary, quantitative and qualitative methods. The primary method was to purchase the mould of a maritime fishing village and harbor. The mould was large and it cost $ 132. It was expected to pour a 100 items after which can be disposed off for a negligible amount. Secondary the expenditure on tourism is $ 34.7 billion, an increase in the percentage with respect to the 12.2 percent. The expenditure on the international tourism increased by 17.1, the expenditure on the domestic tourism was increased by 7.4 percent. b. The questionnaire that is developed to open the tourism market are as follows: Which sector of tourism the business will focus on? What will be the location of the business? Who are the competitors of the business? What will be the business plan for the business? What are the necessary funds that one should need to open a tourism business? What are the licenses needs to obtain while opening the business? How the owner should market the business to attract the international customers? What are the marketing strategies that one needs to follow in the tourism market? c. The sector in which the tourism industry is focused upon is in the transportation service, travel agencies, accommodations, guided tours, tour guides, and the hospitality sectors. Transportation services: the transportation services includes tourists from each and every corner of the world Travel agencies: travel agencies involves the accommodation, transportation and the attractions. Accommodations: The accommodations include hotels, motels, rental houses and many others. Hospitality: A hospitality business includes food and beverages the establishment that tourists may have demand. The geographical location acts as the important factor for opening the tourism business. The location will make a business successful. The business plan includes the strategy of the business, analysis of the market, the products and the services and many others. Section 2. a The crisis that she is going through is the opportunity crisis as Bev the manager of the Bevs ceramics and crafts located in Nelson is going through the loss. The company being undergoing through the loss Ben want to expend the business and make the venture a profitable venture. Thus, Bev the competitors of the Bev venture also do not provide the quality product In the market and Bev provides its customers with the high quality products. Bev is very much skilled in this profession. b. The two types of thinking that are included in this case study are as follows: Analytical thinking Critical thinking The analytical thinking is the thinking, which includes a critical component of the visual thinking that provides an individual with the ability to solve the problems quickly and efficiently. It involves various steps that allows the thinkers to break down the complex problems into single problem. Therefore, analytical thinking involves the process of gathering data and identification of the key issues that is related to the information. This type of thinking also requires the compare the sets of the data from different sources. Therefore, the critical thinking takes into account the convergent thinking and the critical thinking skills. Critical thinking refers to the process of actively analyzing and evaluate the information gathered from the observation, experience and communication and is focuses on the deciding what to believe and what to not. In the case study Bev is the critical thinker as she is evaluating the entire situation that may occur in the future. The evaluation that is drawn on the proper research. The comparison was drawn between the two industries. The knowledge that Bev acquired has also been taken into consideration. The Bevs decision of opening the ceramic art industry has been drawn on several evaluations. The pricing of the products of the competitors were also matched with the pricing of her own products. The differences between the tourism industry that her friend suggested and the ceramics craft was taken into consideration. c. The decision making process is been divided into several steps: Outline the goal and the outcome Gather the data Develop the substitutes for the plan Jot down the advantages and disadvantages of each of the alternative Make the decision that is based on the above mentioned points Take the decision to implement There are various models of decision-making. They are as follows: Rational decision making Administrative decision making Retrospective decision making Rational decision-making The rational model tends to know the process of the decision making. Some say it to be the classical model. The features of the classical model are as follows: The problems remains clear All the alternatives that one have are taken into consideration All the consequences that are generated out of the alternatives are taken into consideration. Decision that is made by the individual is rational. The strength and weaknesses of this model while going through the case study are as follows: Weaknesses The alternatives that are provided to Bev are not clear Not all the alternatives are clear. Strength Bevs decision is rational The information has been gathered properly. Administrative model Decision-making should include the common topic of the goal that one needs to achieve. Rationality demands the decision maker should understand the alternative courses of the action for reaching the goals. The model does not take into account the individual rationality in the decision process. Weakness There are no alternatives provided in the case study and the model talks about the alternatives. The fear of the outcome may make the decision of the individual timid. Postponing the decisions until the last moment Strength High chances to succeed Examining one solution at a time. d. However, there are various models for the decision making process. Though in the case study Bev has given considerable attention on the surveys and the information that has been gathered with respect to the business that are running in the country. Bev has given considerable attention to the distribution chain, pricing policy, the manufacturing process, the financial position, the accounting policies and the competitors. Bev has taken into consideration several factors. We can say Bev is the rational decision maker. The decision makers make the objective of the data and the formal process of the analysis over the subjectivity and the intuition. The model assumes that the decision maker has the appropriate data about the alternatives. e. The problem-solving model consists of the six steps therefore, identification of all the six steps are as follows: Identifying and selecting problems: The problems that the business is facing are firstly, all the transactions are done in cash. No credit period is not provided to the suppliers. The competitors of the company are generating profits though the qualities of the products provided by them are of inferior quality. The process of manufacturing the product consumes a lot of time. Analyzing the problem: The manufacturing process consumes a lot of time and the ceramic gets ready after 6 days when the clay is poured into it. The pricing strategy of the competitors provides a lot of competition in the market. The competitors that provides the same product provides low quality product in the market and the prices are as same as the Bevs product. The prices of the product play a major role while estimating the demand in the market. Thus, these pose a problem in the Bevs plan. Generating potential solutions: The solution to the above-mentioned problems can be firstly, Bev should make the marketing strategy in such a manner where she can penetrate into the market and attract the customers. Secondly, Bev should focus on the advertising of the company. Thirdly, the suppliers should provide the credit period to Bev. Selecting and planning the solutions: The solution to the above-mentioned problems can be the following- firstly, Bev should make the marketing strategy in such a manner where she can penetrate the market and attract the consumers. Secondly, Bev should focus on the advertising and the sales promotion activities. Thirdly, Ben should be provided with the credit period from the suppliers from whom she buys the raw- materials. Implementing the solutions: The solutions may be implemented by firstly, changing the suppliers who provide the credit period to Bev. Secondly, the advertising and the sales promotion can be done through several methods by providing pamphlets to the targeted customers and the word of mouth may work for the company. Thirdly, the SWOT analysis of the company has to be done and according to that the marketing strategies has to be planned. Evaluating the solutions: The solutions provided above will increase the revenue for the company. f. The large part of doing the business is making of the decisions. The decision becomes very easy when there exists only one person to take the decision and when the decision are to be taken by a group of people that includes the staffs and the employees of the company is considered to be the group discussion. Therefore, the group discussion can be the best solution. Therefore, individual decision is the decision that is the individuals decision. On the other hand, the group decision is the decision that is taken by the entire group that is associated with it. The two examples of the group discussion can be consultation and the consensus. The decision that is taken on the individual basis with respect to the product, services and the distribution are the individual decision of Bev. Whereas, the decision with respect to the pricing policy, the competitors in the market, the financial position of the business and the accounting system that will be used by the company are the group decision that needs a review of the entire group. Section 3. a The two approaches that are used in this case study are distributive negotiation and the lose-lose approach. The distributive negotiation is also called competitive value approach. This approach is based on the saying that one can only win when the other one fails. The characteristic that is has are as follows: One looses and the other wins The fixed resources that need to be divided so the more one gets the less the other one gets. The interest of the one individual opposes the interest of the other individual The lose-lose approach is adopted when one partner is threatened by his own interests one negotiating partner feels that his own interests are threatened and he does all the work to ensure that the outcome of the negotiation is not suitable to the interest of the other party as well. Both of the parties end up losing. Moreover, both the approaches are different from one another in the following aspects In the distributive approach one party fails and the other wins thus, on the other hand the lose-lose approach both the party fails. The interest of one individual opposes the interest of the other individual whereas, in the lose lose approach both the party fails and both of them opposes each others interests. b. Bev should use distributive negotiation approach or the win lose approach to ask her friend to join in as the partner (Hande et al., 2015). As the win lose approach takes into account the failure of the one and the winning position of the other. Therefore, if one fails, the other will win and if one wins the other will lose. The resources are tending to be divided equally between the two individuals. Section 4. a The most important elements in the team role and the team norms are as follows: Setting of goals: The main role to form a team is to achieve a common goal. The goal for all the team members remains the same and all work together in order to achieve the goals. Communication: In order to make the team work efficiently the communication between the team and the team member should flow smoothly. Therefore, the communication between the leader and the team members should be maintained. Planning: Once the team is formed, the main task of the head is to include the task and define the role of the team member. The time and the tasks for which each of the team members has to work in the available budget. Knowing the team: every team members possess some different qualities as compared to the others. Therefore, all the team members are different from one another. As a leader, it is very much important to know each of the team member and their qualities. b. The three effective ways to address the dysfunctional teams are as follows: Expectations should be clear: The team members should know what the leader is expecting out of them. The expectations would make them work harder and achieve the goals. Constant feedback on the behavior: Self-correction often happens with the little bit of the guidance. Though the feedback should be provided by the leader to the team members in order to make them understand where they are going wrong. The conflict shall be resolved quickly: All human beings are not same and there might be an event occurs where the team members rages in conflict with the other team members. In this case, there should be certain norms and regulations in the company by which all the members of the team has to abide by. c. Active listening is important, as it establishes the connection between the speaker and the listener. This allows the smooth flow of the messages and ensures that the messages that are sent from one person to another are being related completely and properly. Active listening helps in develop the speaking skills amongst the members of the team (Jskel et al., 2016). Active listening is an important element while building the strong teams and generating positive working environments. It provides the superior communication between the individuals that are working inside the business or outside the business. The four steps in active listening are as follows: Step one- listen with your ears- The individuals requires patience in order to make use to listen. Let the ears make the communication between two or more persons. Step 2- listen with the body- body language affects the communication. One must use the body to signal that you are actively listening and this will provide the speaker with the confidence that someone is listening. Step three- use mouth to listen- while communicating one must use their mouth to communicate with one another Step four- reach a conclusion- conclusion between the parties indicates that the communication has made properly between them. References Hande, S., Mohammed, C. A., Komattil, R. (2015). Acquisition of knowledge, generic skills and attitudes through problem-based learning: Student perspectives in a hybrid curriculum.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences,10(1), 21-25. Jskel, P., Nyknen, S., Tynjl, P. (2016). Models for the development of generic skills in Finnish higher education.Journal of Further and Higher Education, 1-13.